© Carlos Sánchez-Montaña Six arguments to determine the most likely site for the religious capital of luggones in Trás Asturia, and that at present there is no archaeological certainty.
1) In Llanera and its immediate surroundings there is a site with enough to be recognized as Asturum Lucus. Featured
researchers establish the scientific validity not on the site of Lucus Asturum in Llanera: Carmen Fernández Ochoa
: "advocating a series of scattered around the area and is less likely a single fortified settlement." Narciso Santos
Yanguas : "The geographical area of \u200b\u200bthe civitas cover, apparently, several hundred square kilometers, taking the limit Gigi and Paelontium. "
pooling their opinions states that Lucus Asturum are scattered around several hundred km2.
Until now believed that the main element that supports the site near Santa Maria de Lugo de Llanera is the tombstone of the Lares Road, near the hill called El Canto de San Pedro, where José Manuel González identified a fort.
On the tombstone of the Lares Road, remember that your presence is itself a crossroads enclave, rather than an oppidum, and that the dimensions of the hill of S. Peter is so small that it is nowhere to be seen flatness. All joined
helps set on Asturum of Lucus scientific way, " Its traditional place in Lugo de Llanera has found no archaeological confirmation date complete." Narciso Santos Yanguas.
seems that unless volunteer interpreters, the location of Lucus Asturum in a particular place has no scientific backing to this day.
2) The site of Lucus Asturum was, according to medieval sources, a walled city.
The current lack of specificity at the time of placing the site of Lucus Asturum by scientific means, and noting that the problem of dispersed hundreds of km2., We must remember that Asturum Lucus was a walled enclave rated City: "Lucus Asturum as a city and episcopal see is prior to Bishop D. Pelayo, is confirmed as stated in documents of the Monastery of S. Vicente in which it says" slide civitatis "or door of the city of Lugo," antiquissima civitas "or" civitas in diebus sempiternis ", ie ancient eternal city or town."
José Vicente González García . "The Bishop Don Pelayo, the key to the study of the history of Asturias." The Basilisk, Number 8, July-December 1979 Donation
Ordoño II to the Church of Oviedo, dated in 921, included: "Lugo destructam cum Ciuitatem Church Sancte Marie. " Donation
Alfonso III to the church of Oviedo on 20 January 905: "Ecclesiam Sancte Marie de Lugu cum suos antiques walls."
and its location was so detailed that Ptolemy and set it on its coordinates:
Asturum Lucus, 11 º, 45 º.
Ancient sources are those that allow us to think that the reason states that Lucus Asturum are scattered around several hundred km2. is inconsistent. Lucus
Asturum, wherever you are located, is a particular place with specific coordinates, and where they should be foundations of the walls of its ancient walls.
3) According to the coordinates of Ptolemy, Lucus Asturum may be located in an area between Lugo de Llanera and Oviedo (both included), and with center in Lugones.
coordinates Ptolemy Asturum Lucus. 45 º 11 º
Asturum Lucus (45.0000 º 11.0000 º)
According to the method of calculating Thomas Tornadijo the conversion of data to the current coordinates Ptolemy: real Latitude
= 36 º + (45.0000 º - 36 º) x 91.354 / 111.11 = 43.3997 ° = 43 º 23.98 '
real length = / (Cos (43.3997 º) x 111.325)) - 7.8670 º according to Ptolemy for its small differences.
4) In the immediate environment to Lugones, the center coincides with the coordinates of Ptolemy, the site so far has launched the greatest number of old and Romans is Oviedo.
A sample of the ancient remains appeared in Oviedo:
- "Ruins of Oviedo primitive." José M ª Fernandez Buelta - 1948
- "Excavations at the Oviedo house." José M ª Fernandez Buelta - 1950
- "I get a medieval road, XII century, on a site under construction in the street de la Rua, hidden in turn, a more ancient" . New Spain
- "The area of \u200b\u200bthe Romanization of Oviedo
is not substantially different from Gijón
. New Spain
- What if Foncalada outside Rome? . New Spain
-Foncalada water and blood. New Spain
-A theory to strengthen the Roman origin of Oviedo against its medieval foundation. New Spain
-Culture now analyze the Foncalada to check the extent of Roman Oviedo. New Spain.
-Foncalada Archaeologists excavated confirm that his style is Roman . New Spain
-Roman very Roman. New Spain
-The discovery of two valuable pieces in extending the Roman Oviedo. La Voz de Asturias
- "If Fruela founded the church of El Salvador in Oviedo is because there was already a center of power" . New Spain
-Roman Map Oviedo. La Voz de Asturias
-source de la Rua and the 'Oviedo Romano . Trade
- "It is a turn to history" . New Spain
-Vicente José González defends a Roman origin connected to mining. New Spain
-Roman is a fountain ahead of Oviedo was founded four centuries . World
"The first Oviedo, uncovered . ABC
- "A piece of the puzzle is not enough to say that Oviedo was a Roman city '. New Spain
-A coin 'Calagurris' confirms the Roman origin of the city of Oviedo . La Rioja
FUENTE ROMANA DE LA CALLE RUA Todos estos estudios y noticias permiten asegurar que el enclave de Oviedo tuvo un pasado romano, y que en el entorno determinado dentro la imagen superior, ningún otro lugar posee tales valores arqueológicos. La ciudad de Oviedo es el emplazamiento más fértil en elementos romanos: numismática, elementos urbanos, arquitectónicos, dentro del territorio de su entorno.
5) La ciudad de Ovetum, fuera del ámbito Asturiano, es reconocida como ciudad de fundación romana por algunos autores. “Los orígenes de Oviedo eran confusos. Para unos era un monasterio que habían construido dos monjes que huían de los moros; para otros una ciudadela visigoda; para unos terceros un antiguo castro hispanorromano, llamado unas veces Lucus Asturum y otras Ovetum”
Georges Perec
, La Vie mode d'emploi, pp. 9-10. 1978.
De todos ellos el principal: Hofmann, Johann Jacob (1635-1706):
,
Historiam Sacram Et Profanam Omnis aevi, omniumque Gentium; Chronologiam Ad Haec Usque Tempora; Geographiam Et Veteris Et Novi Orbis; Principum Per Omnes Terras Familiarum [...] Genealogiam; Tum Mythologiam, Ritus, Caerimonias, Omnemque Veterum Antiquitatem [...]; Virorum [...] Celeb Ministry Enarrationem [...]; Praeterea animalium, Plantarum, Metallorum, Lapidum, Gemmarum, nomina, Natura, vires Explanans. - Editio Absolutissima Auctior [...]. [...] - Leiden: Jacob. Hackius, Cornel. Boutesteyn, Petr. Vander Aa, & Earth. Luchtmans, the 1698th 2 ° - T. 1: litera A, B, C, continence. [6] Bl., 1072 S.; Kupfertit. - T. 2: litera D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, continence. [1] Bl., 900 S. - T. 3: litera M, N, O, P, Q, continence. [1] Bl., 994 S. - T. 4: litera R, S, T, V, X, Y, Z, continence. [1] Bl., CXXVI, 743, 116 S. - Satzspiegel 32.1 x 17.3 cm - Signature: XN 9739th
http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann.html
Donde el término OVETUM figura:
OVETUM urbs Legionis, insignis.
Asturiae Ovetensis caput, ad Astam fluv. quo reliquiae Gothorum confugêre, 16. leuc. Hispan. a Legione urb. in Circium, 6. ab ora maris Cantabrici in Meridiem, 18. ab Asturica in Boream, Episcopalis sub Archiepiscopo Castellano. Alias regni Ovetani caput, et regia sedes, cum post obitum Roderici, Gothorum Regis ultimi, Christiani a Mauris expulsi, et in Asturias compacti, Principem Pelagium elegerunt, A. C. 717. qui Ovetanum regnum instituit, quod Legionensis, A. C. 913. fermentum fuit; Tum enim Ordonnus 2. Regis Legion. titulum sumpsit. Hispanis Oviedo, hîc Concilium, A. C. 878. et 901. "The name Oviedo is it a theonym?" Which sets out considerations very reasoned and documented in order to understand the meaning of the name of the capital of the Asturias is religious. Something that nobody would dare to discuss the name Lucus Asturum. page 506, image: s0506a The author, far from the English court and the influence of Asturias, detailing the Roman character of Oviedo, your project, and its religious and political.
This Ovetum, in the territory of the luggones, is an event, to be real is something not yet explained.
Curiously, studies and news of Point 4 above, offer a comprehensive archaeological support this description: A Roman city of the Asturian capital.
6) Lucus Asturum and Oviedo have the same meaning gazetteer.
The main suspicion on the hypothesis, which states that under the streets of Oviedo are those of Lucus Asturum, is the lack of continuity in the names. For a vast majority of scholars Lucus enclaves Asturum and Oviedo are different and their names show this diversity. Lucus originated Lugo and Oviedo Ovetum comes from, different etymologies for different sites. If the above aspects that point to Oviedo and the old town as the place the largest amount of Roman remains in the territory of luggones not enough, we must prove that the name comes from Oviedo in the enclave of Asturum Lucus.
begin at the beginning, Lucus Asturum, luggones capital, was a walled city. If we analyze the transformation of the place names of Roman sites in ancient times we can achieve a simple rule: Lucus Augusti as Lugo and Astorga Asturica Augusta, Augusta Bracara as Braga, Colonia Iulia Augusta Paterna Barcino and Barcelona Faventia or Parisiorum as Lutetia Paris are several examples in which we can base the development of the name of the capital of luggones. According to this rule Lucus Asturum two place names he could match any, or Lugo, Galicia Lugo image or Astorga, Leon city's image. The first name corresponds to the type of enclave that was configured in its genesis (lucus), the second by the gens who corresponded (Astur).
The problem for the application of this simple rule was that both place names were assigned names, Lugo and Astorga and corresponded to major cities of NO capitals of their respective convents.
The widespread view that maps to the site of Lucus Asturum Lugo de Llanera is based on this simple rule of language. Today we have scientific certainty that in the place of Lugo and there is no evidence near the ancient city of luggones. Lugo de Llanera not for Asturum Lucus. And perhaps this name, such as the nearby enclave of Lugarín Lugones and are heirs of the people own this land, the people of belonging to the gens luggones Asturias.
Several authors who deny the Roman past and clear Oviedo ancient meaning of his name.
My thanks to the brilliant work of Francisco Escobar García published in 1974:
Since the publication of the work of García Escobar has lived for thirty-five years, and this time has not reached the publicity it deserves. Many scholars and researchers of the history of the city of Oviedo have not seen in its true value. Their findings have only been able to get a better understanding of the public through the network.
Based on their documented paper aims to show that the form Oviedo corresponds in meaning to the same as Asturum Lucus. The sacred enclave luggonnes Asturian convent. Lucus
Asturum belongs to a very special group of enclaves of Roman origin that are the holy name of Lucus.
Lucus Augusti Lucus Feroniae
and
are other cities that can afford to draw any conclusions about how it could be the Asturian enclave.
lucus The word in the first century BC Rome, designating the place where there was contact with God and that, originally, was a clearing in the forest interior, under the sky, and surrounded by sustain imaginary trees, favored intimate conversation with God.
The lucus, therefore, is the natural history of a temple, the prototypical image of the "sacred place" manmade lucus image of the forest, in the midst of nature, the forest. And Lucus Asturum was the place where stood the temple's main god of the Asturian, the religious capital. The urbanism
Lucus
Asturum little we have the ancient sources, but its imperial origin may lead us to consider that kept inside a temple to the god Jupiter. Vitruvius wrote
:
"The lots for the houses of the tutelary gods of the city and for Jupiter, Juno and Minerva elíjanse at a sufficiently high where it can be seen most of the city."
Several cathedrals of Europe that have been built on the foundations of a temple dedicated to Jupiter. (Santiago de Compostela, Paris, Tarragona).
This characteristic of Roman urbanism we must add the consideration that religion was the god Jupiter Asturias, identified as the main deity of the Indian pantheon, Dies pater. Write Escobar García:
We can assure on the basis of various ancient sources consulted to Asturum Lucus had a prominent religious value by having its walls, and main place, a temple dedicated to Lord Home astures, and that this could not only be a representation of the Roman Jupiter, and was identified with Dis Pater Indian.
A Asturian enclave named as a "Lucus" must have the presence of a temple dedicated to Jupiter. of the strength of the ancient representations of Jupiter in the Asturian territory there are still sites dedicated presence in the place names and other names Asturian:
Moreover, and as set
Garcia Escobar, the place name Oviedo has enough features, and maybe more than enough to identify the place of Oviedo with a place dedicated to Jupiter:
CONCLUSION:
is possible that the ancient Roman town of Lucus Asturum suffered a natural change in place names in late-Roman . That simultaneously to changes in the next enclaves, which derived the name of the cities was finding new ways with a clear concise "popularization" of the name, Lucus Asturum sought his own way for their new identity.
DIS PATER
The special circumstances of Lucus Asturum, very close to the capitals of Luco and Asturica, owned by hierarchy shared name also made it necessary to identify the religious capital of Asturias with a new name "own ", since neither Luco, or Astúrica, could distinguish it from the monastic capital. That name more "own" that which derives from its original meaning, a place dedicated to IOVE, Jupiter: Ovetum. Oviedo is a theonym replacing the original sacred value of the name. Jupiter, who headed the pantheon of the city of Lucus Asturum Asturian identify the location from late-Roman times.
is very likely that within the overall process of "popularization" of the place names of the empire, during the Lower Empire, when sites undergo a process of independence from the metropolis, the lords of Lucus Asturum decided a change that allowed differentiating the walled city of Lucus and Asturica capital. The differential value, the holy city dedicated to Jupiter, chief god of the indigenous and Roman pantheon, was the hallmark chosen for its new name. account the present city of Oviedo in countless evidence to be considered the religious capital of the luggones. With the above considerations, I have tried to raise the favorable position of Roman Ovetum Oviedo, and thus warrant a specific analysis of archaeological and urban characteristics, and validate this enclave as Lucus Asturum lost.
Oviedo's Roman past is growing with each passing day in an area where Ptolemy places the walled city of Lucus Asturum, and where no other place enough the importance of its ancient archaeological findings.
No other enclave known in Asturias treasured items only be justified from a Roman origin. Oviedo has been built by real men, not mythical heroes or angels pilgrims. Paradigm
above is the CRUZ DE OVIEDO LOS ANGELES
The historical significance of the Cruz de los Angeles
is parallel to the walls of Oviedo. The jewels of Roman origin that are enshrined in its wooden frame are true and fair view of the elements historic Roman city hidden, and shown on an occasional basis under its medieval lanes.
Augusto seal on the back of the Cruz de los Angeles Photo © Victorino
Gutiérrez Martínez Cruz
Los Angeles remains the most important symbol of the true origin of the city: Roman capital
------------------------------------------ ---------------- * ROMAN JEWELS AUGUSTO EN LA CRUZ DE LOS ANGELES DE OVIEDO
January 20, 2006 . : "The reasons argued for considering that this piece belonged to the Emperor Augustus based on the images containing the seal, which correspond to the symbols representative of the emperor." INFORMATION SEE
historian
January 24, 2006
, and in reference to the unpublished research of Carlos Sánchez-Montaña:
"Asturian monarchs feel heirs of the Roman emperors." INFORMATION SEE
professor at the University of Oviedo Lorenzo Arias information published in La Voz de Asturias January 29, 2006 explains "the main face of this cross of gold and precious stones presents original engravings of Roman imperial times mythological."
SEE INFORMATION ----------------- ----------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- -------------------------------------
Sánchez-Montaña. Carlos The Seal of Augustus in the Cruz de los Angeles Martínez Gutiérrez . Victorino More information about the Cross of the Angels
Encyclopedia
Margarita Oviedo QUARTERS RIVERO
The urban form of Oviedo in the first third of the sixteenth century
Gian Luigi Maffei, Gianfranco Caniggia Type Of
Building: Anthropic Space Structure. (Celeste Ediciones, SA) 1995 Antonio Mestre, Antonio Mestre Antonio Mestre Sanchis,
History, privileges and political attitudes: Mayans and historiography of the 18 "
Published by Universitat de València, 2001 Narciso Santos Yanguas,
"Asturias, Asturian and the Roman administration during the High Empire" 2009
GARCIA ESCOBAR, F. (1974):
"The name Oviedo is it a theonym?"
, BIDEA 82, p. 375-400.
José Vicente González García. "The Bishop Don Pelayo, the key to the study of the history of Asturias." The Basilisk, Number 8, July-December 1979
.
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