Thursday, August 27, 2009

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images reveal a planet "suicidal"



ASTRONOMY LONDON [EFE]. A team of British scientists discovered a planet with a volume ten times that of Jupiter that orbits so close to its parent star that star streams should have already led to the destruction. In a new study published in the scientific journal Nature, a team of astronomers from the University of Keele (UK) says that this planet, named WASP-18b, is a rarity in the world of astronomy and the probability observe a similar phenomenon is one in a thousand.
Diario El Comercio of August 27, 2009.

Wednesday, August 26, 2009

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The first telescope was four centuries of creation

ASTRONOMY. Galileo Galilei INVENTION
When presented with the authorities in 1609 emphasized its military use and not scientific. ROME
[EFE]. Astronomers from around the world yesterday commemorated the fourth anniversary of the recognition Official first telescope, an invention of the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) that forever changed the course of astronomy.
On August 25, 1609 the Venetian Senate made him the invention of the Renaissance genius and approved a salary increase for Galileo as professor of Geometry, Mechanics and Astronomy at the University of Padua, where he served for several months until he decided to return with your telescope, to Florence.
authorities accepted the Republic of Venice and the Tuscan scientist's proposal to keep the exclusive use of a telescope that only four days earlier had been officially presented in the bell tower of the square San Marcos and, in principle, be used for defensive purposes.
"The place of the presentation was the bell tower of San Marcos, which still exists. From a height of 60 meters, you could see beyond the horizon of the sea. Up there he set up his telescope Galileo, "he told Efe Paolo Galluzzi, director of the Museum of History of Science in the Italian city of Florence.
"He showed the audience, who were numerous senators and prominent people, the benefits of this new instrument, especially its military and strategic value," he adds.
As a result of this presentation and the possibilities almost magical offered the telescope, the Venetian Senate agreed to increase the salary of Galileo from 320 to 1,000 florins, that is what tripled, and showed the value that was the invention of Pisa.
The Renaissance genius, who showed interest in almost all the arts existing at the time, thus became the father of an invention that has made and is still much for Astronomy was never the same since. Taken
Journal Trade, edition of August 26, 2009.

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Clara Network

The Red CLARA (Latin American Cooperation of Advanced Networks) is a mesh of optical cables lying on the vast territory in Latin America.
By Benjamin Marticorena Physical
Journal Republic August 26, 2009.
is not just a highway for noncommercial traffic, fast and reliable, images and texts from one university to another, is the instrument to integrate research and innovation communities in areas such as health, biodiversity, disaster natural, material sciences, renewable energy, climate, etc.
In fact, from a node in Sao Paulo, which extends below the ocean to emerge triumphant in Spain and connect to the European network GÉANT, more tranches busy this young Latin American network. It also connects to the Internet II of the United States to the west and east, respectively, by cables from Tijuana to San Diego and Panama to Miami. And the network of Asia-Pacific APAN, CLARA is linked with Europe, his devoted partner in this great adventure.
Thus, researchers of the-so far-13 Latin American countries CLARA partners talk to each other and with anyone who produces knowledge useful to society. CLARA, nonprofit, offers conference, scientific and technological information privileged repositories thematic materials required by the Latin American scientific communities, and general, a platform exclusive relationship with the scientists and innovators of the world. CLARA
was made possible by the inspired perseverance of a group of Latin Americans who lead national research networks and with support and financial expert of the European Community through the program ALICE (Latin America Interconnected with Europe). CLARA
In Peru is represented by the Peruvian Academic Network (RAAP), consisting of several public and private universities and research institutes that are connected to the world through a node in Lurin. It is time for the central government, the Regions and the private sector to refine their strategic direction and support, with proof of their budgets, the expansion of scientific production and the promotion of excellence in higher education in the country.

Tuesday, August 25, 2009

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factory machines

From participating in the construction of a car to do the housecleaning. Increasingly more diversified uses of robots. The reality fiction reaches

By: Thomas Unger

Thanks to movies and television the word "robot" evokes images of science fiction. Mr. Data from "Star Trek" and the Terminator (now governor of California) are classic examples. Although still very away from the film, the robots are anthropomorphic (human form) that several Japanese factories have been built to showcase its high level of technology. Asimo, Honda, greeting visitors and serving drinks; Topio of Tosya, play table tennis and Partner, Toyota, plays trumpet. They all walk and, although they are an impressive display of technology, they differ substantially from the million robots are working today in the world. DEFINITION
The name robot comes from the Czech ("robota" = "work", "robotnik" = "worker"), invented by the writer Karel Capek in 1920 for his androids play. Since then has been used indiscriminately to describe various machines. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO, for its acronym in English) has a definition: "A multi-manipulator for industrial automatic moves in three axes, programmable and reprogrammable, and can be controlled automatically or mobile *.
simply, a machine capable of adapting their actions to the demands of their environment.
Put another way, the sensor information allows you to act under the circumstances. This concept can be extended by saying that the robot interacts with its environment "and can decide between action alternatives. Today there are a variety of devices that meet these requirements, from vacuum cleaners to Mars rovers, and on nearly a million industrial machines, all of them are robots.
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES There are presently about a million robots working in factories in various tasks, from assembling cars and package products to manufacture microchips. Industrial robots have helped to develop technologies that have been then applied to other uses, lowering the production of automated systems. A good example are the service robots like Roomba (pronounced "rumba"). Although its name evokes dance, is a vacuum which has already sold 3 million units. A disk of 34 cm in diameter by 9 cm high, Roomba walks around the house picking up trash and avoiding obstacles. When there is nothing to clean returns to its outlet to recharge.
A similar device produced by a Swedish motorcycle factory is responsible for mowing the lawn avoiding toys or objects left in the garden. To prevent it from escaping to the neighboring house, put a wire to limit its scope. Service robots more complicated and useful correspondence distributed in factories and other distributed coffee and sandwiches. Robots with varying degrees of sophistication satisfied service tasks in various activities.
In Hong Kong is made a guardian for the house, connected by Wi-Fi to your computer, which reports on what happens in the home. His camera pans around and if the cat is getting into the pantry, from the computer or the cell phone can frighten. If you stretch the definition could include service robots for Mars explorers working for NASA, controlled from Earth, collecting and analyzing samples of Martian soil, sending photos and report on their environment.
Among the so-called service robots are those that meet hazardous tasks, from disarming bombs to inspect collapsed buildings, landslides and act in situations where human life is endangered. This quality robots has led to war, where they replace soldiers and airmen. Today, most of the reconnaissance flights and part of the air raids on the battlefields make small unmanned aircraft, fitted with sensors and instruments. Sometimes they are wrong, which can cost the lives of those on earth, but no pilot dies. EVOLUTION
Three elements are essential to the operation of the robot: sensors, actuators and software. The sensors tell the robot about the environment and may be optical, acoustic, tactile and chemical, as our ways, with varying degrees of sensitivity. The actuators are mechanisms running movements to respond to a given situation and the programs process information and decide what action to take. The technology has evolved in the three fields.
sensors today are tiny cameras, has reduced the size of the microphones and increased the sensitivity of pressure sensors. The actuators have acquired a high degree of control to the point that today there is an artificial hand, controlled by a glove, able to take an egg without breaking a basket. Small pneumatic muscles controlling the fingers, while a piezoelectric membrane (which produces electricity by pressure) the feeling the glove of the operator. When operator can be replaced by a program, will be the real robotic hand capable of delicate operations.
BACK TO THE FUTURE
While the image of the robot is still the droids from the movies and toy dogs that bark and salute the millions of operational robots are machines with certain functions that do not resemble the man but replace it in different tasks. Whether repetitive, dangerous or too expensive to be carried out by humans, the robot's tasks are increasing. To the extent that more closely resemble human activity, the robot that is more anthropomorphic run either by their attitudes, movement or shape. A recent exhibition
Korean the receptionist was a dummy who answered questions in several languages, he gestured and gave free hand signs. All functions are possible to do with a screen, a speaker and a camera, however, if any installed on a mannequin change the perception of those who interact with it. The sensation of watching a human form with gestures, voice and answer brings us to the idea that Mr. Data and Terminator are possible.
The reality is different. The reasoning and decisions of fictional robots are beyond the reach of current technology. On occasion we have explained {see Trade dated April 7, 2009 or here above} the difference between human brain processes and more powerful computer, which side is a wind-up toy. Still, though the programs that handle the robot can not reach the level of the human brain, advances in sensors, actuators and software can enable them to perform increasingly complex tasks.
One area in which this development is proceeding apace is military. Killing without exposure to die has always been a wish from the Neolithic hunters even the generals of today. Run hazardous work and explore the unknown are also old goals where the robot can successfully replace the man. As technology advances we will have an increasing number increasing number of machines that replace them. Moreover, through them, as in the case of explorers on Mars, we can carry out impossible tasks for man. No longer get to see, but perhaps not so distant future governor of California can be a real robot.

Texts taken from the daily El Comercio
August 25, 2009.

Monday, August 24, 2009

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home barbarism indicator

miscalculations DESTROY THE PLANET
By: Ambassador Oswaldo de Rivero

After global warming and its disastrous consequences is, without doubt, the ideology of perpetual growth of gross domestic product (GDP). This indicator of the aggregate of all domestic production does not discount the plundering of nonrenewable natural resources and the emission of greenhouse gases. That is, accepting an economic growth that uses the environment as if it were an inexhaustible commodity. But the GDP is growing and the planet.
Although GDP growth means the human habitat destruction, most economists, and especially politicians pay homage to this growth as the totem of the development of national wealth. This veneration of the destruction of the habitat itself is as illogical as venerating the role of destroying cancer cells that grow their own body.
Today we are making efforts to replace GDP with new indicators scientific and ethical. Herman E. Teachers Daly and John B. Cobb Jr., of the University of Maryland, have created a new calculation called Prosperity Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW, for its acronym in English) which subtracts from GDP ecological losses. When applied, U.S. prosperity changed. Per capita income had declined 10% since 1976.
Other experts have created the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), which also subtracted from GDP the external costs of the destruction of nonrenewable resources, which adds pollution, energy waste, traffic congestion costs crime. After applying per capita income of U.S. between 1982-2002 did not increase 56%, as it is officially calculated, but only 2%.
There is also the proposal of Professor Hiroyuki Yoshikawa of Tokyo University, called "factory reverse." Said that the world should establish a new industrial ring system consists of industries engaged in recycling and create only recyclable products. Leave no waste industries to create additional input but also recyclable products. Could only be accounted for as a wealth of industrial production.
While GDP is not replaced by a new indicator, the ecological destruction of the planet will not cease. And so, in the not too distant we measure the infeasibility of nations by the acute shortage of water, food and energy.
Maybe in a century, when a future generation study our civilization and see what we count as economic growth development was destroying biodiversity, warm the atmosphere, melting glaciers, creating shortages of food, water and energy and rise dangerously the sea level, GDP classified as the most conspicuous indicator of our barbarity. Texts taken


El Comercio
of August 24, 2009

Saturday, August 22, 2009

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invalidate one of the latest theories to travel over the speed of light

An investigation, involving the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), points to two obstacles that seem to invalidate the theoretical curve of the engine to travel faster than light, more than three hundred thousand kilometers per second. This hypothesis is based on the motion of spacetime itself, in principle, can shrink and expand without limit speed. The conclusions of the study are published in the journal Physical Review D.
Paradoxically, the motor theory of curvature has its origin in fiction: it is the mechanism that allows the characters in the science fiction series Star Trek plowing through space faster than light, or speed superluminares by distortion spacetime.
His leap into the scientific field was in 1994, the year in which the Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre published a paper in the journal Classical and Quantum Gravity entitled "The engine of curvature hyper travel within general relativity." This work exploits the flexibility of the geometry of spacetime, which is curved in the presence of matter in the same way as, for example, a ball placed on a sheet bend the fabric stretched around it. In the universe, more massive objects produce more pronounced curves. On this basis, Alcubierre devised a means of transport in a bubble with walls composed of exotic matter (a type of still hypothetical matter has repulsive gravitational properties) that cause contraction of spacetime in the bow and stern dilation similar to a wave at sea. CSIC
investigator Carlos Barceló, the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia in Granada, said: "A ship inside the bubble to reach its destination without leaving the local distortion of spacetime, like a surfer located on the crest does not exercise a proper motion but reaches the edge thanks to the wave. " According to the authors, this hypothesis showed weaknesses mathematics since its publication, but not discarded. However, they explain, there is a point that was not provided so far and that can affect the movement of the bubble: What They Do quantum fluctuations to the curvatures.
According to estimates of the work, if the bubble moves faster than the speed of light, the crew will see the front and back walls respectively behave like a black and a white horizon, similar to those with black holes . Thus, if the spacecraft astronaut looks back not see anything, a black horizon, as it is traveling faster than light and can catch any signal, whereas the bow of the ship will receive all signals, and therefore we speak of white horizon. Two
problematic horizons
The authors calculated how the quantum fluctuations behave in both horizons when the bubble approaches the barrier of light, and found two effects that prevent the trip. In both cases, the pitfall is in the vacuum of the universe. According to quantum theory, energy in this state is not equal to zero, but constantly born and annihilate pairs of particles so fast that it is impossible to detect its presence, and therefore are called virtual particles. However, under certain conditions, such as a strong distortion of spacetime, these particles become real. This is what happens in both horizons bubble designed by Alcubierre, with negative consequences.
black on the horizon, the astronaut would face the Hawking radiation, enunciated by Stephen Hawking in 1974. It is a known effect in black holes due to the creation and destruction of pairs of particles: the enormous black hole's gravitational field can break the pair and absorb particles, while the other escapes. This produces a glow that comes from the horizon and, in the case of the bubble depends on the thickness of the wall: a thin wall, more readily available in theory, present very high temperatures that could destroy the ship to travel in interior.
But, even if they could build walls so thick that the temperature produced by the Hawking radiation is not an obstacle, the target horizon is an insurmountable obstacle, according to research. The contraction of spacetime in front breaking also produce pairs of particles, with the difference that would pile up on the wall. "This phenomenon would cause an exponential growth of uncontrollable energy and construction becomes inconsistent because it tends to destroy itself," said Barceló. "Either we invent a way to offset that energy with an inverse energy, which seems unlikely, or simply admit that we can not overcome the speed light for reasonable periods of time, "adds the researcher, CSIC.
Another option is to not cross the light barrier, so that there were no horizons and Hawking radiation or high temperatures. As the authors note at the end of the article, "maybe go to 99% of the speed of light is not so bad after all."
Source: CSIC

Friday, August 21, 2009

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astronomy from Galileo to today

Galilean principle of mathematics of nature
According to Gonzalez, which held the Galilean principle of mathematics of nature. "For Galileo nature is written in mathematical language." This has two versions of interpretation: the weak and strong. The weakness is that which interprets what is written in mathematical language is the movement of the stars, astral dynamics. The strong version is that which says that every phenomenon that occurs in nature has a mathematical law which is subject.
This is a Galilean belief is the basis of our civilization. It is the great Galilean paradigm that has fed the whole of modern science. Or physics or chemistry or biology or medicine have mathematization processes. "This is not to say that Galileo failed because all Westerners still believe that nature is normative acts according to laws, perhaps not all math. The Galilean principle of mathematics is the key question of course. Ortega y Gasset said that science is a special form of belief. And the fundamental belief that we have is this statement of Galileo, "he said.
Revolution Galileo Galilei said that the earth was a planet, moving and was not in the center. The center is the sun. Introduced in history and geodynamic the heliocentric system. The Galilean revolution has four manifestations. The first is the observational manifestation. He explained that there are millions of stars, the moon's mountains and valleys is not a perfect star, the sun has spots, Venus has phases and Jupiter has four satellites.
Earth center of the moon, the sun center of planets and Jupiter's four satellites center. The second is the philosophical statement that goes against duality. The duality since Aristotle had said that the earth was the imperfect world and heaven the world perfect. What on earth had mutations in the sky and everything was identical to itself. "With the revolution of Galileo the heavens will cease to be perfect."
The third demonstration is the mathematical-philosophical revolution. "The universe is written in mathematician, so miracles do not fit. " The fourth and last of the demonstrations is the theological revolution. Galileo became the great revolution of the theology of the early seventeenth century unintentionally. Galileo speaks of three theological principles. The first states that the universe is God's work and you have to know and study. The second envisaged that the scriptures were the work of men. The third claimed that he had to interpret the scriptures in light of the knowledge we have of the universe.
"Although at the time such statements especially created controversy within the Catholic Church, today one of the century papal documents XX including the encyclical of Benedict XVI just two months ago have explicitly stated the three theological principles of Galileo, "he assured.
The sages of the time, who were the theologians, then scorned Galileo's claims. In universities were classified knowledge. The wisest, were educated and intelligent teachers of theology, a little less wise and less wise philosophy of geometry. "Galileo was a mathematician, philosopher and theologians tried to teach which at that time was unthinkable. But Galileo was undoubtedly wise and who they deemed were little aware of what was happening. Delusions of pride than the audacity of ignorance. " Taken

elgallodigital.com Noticiencias of

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Revolution on the origin of the Universe

Alberto Chamorro Belmont, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of the Basque Country in Laredo explained that "today there is no theory that predicts that there was a beginning for universe, a big-bang, do not know if one day we will "
Alberto Chamorro Belmont, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of the Basque Country in Laredo explained the two theories of relativity of Einstein. He has done in the course of Cosmology directed by Francisco González de Posada, which has ensured that "today there is no theory that predicts that there was a beginning for the universe, a big-bang, do not know if we will someday."
"Very often the information is cast in the modern cosmological theory predicts that there was a beginning for the universe which is called big-bang but this is not true. Because we now know that modern cosmology when the equations are extrapolated to the past leads to the existence of a beginning for the universe, but when those are made by extrapolating the theory beyond its current range of validity, "he explained.
During his two interventions, the professor explained to those attending the first relativistic revolution, accounting and significance of special relativity, published in 1905 by Einstein. The second revolution relativity, general theory of relativity, which is due to the efforts of Einstein when at the end of 1915 published the fundamentals of this theory. He has also mentioned the implications for the description of the universe, ie, cosmology, was the general theory of relativity and physical-mathematical foundations of cosmology.
theory of special relativity
relativistic
The first revolution involved the resolution of fundamental problems that light travels in a medium imponderable ether and was called to highlight the movement of the earth with respect to the ether. Einstein denied the existence of this medium.
Physics consisted of two separate domains that were the corpus of Newtonian mechanics and the body of the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell. These two bodies had been very successful, but as the fundamental equations of Newtonian mechanics were unchanged under the group called Galileo transformations, the fundamental equations of electromagnetic theory were not invariant under this group of transformations, but under another set of transformations called Lorentz.
"It was disturbing to physicists there were two separate domains of physics governed by different laws of symmetry, "said. As Newtonian mechanics had been so successful most physicists tried to modify Maxwell's electromagnetic theory to make it invariant. But Einstein had the audacity to consider that the electromagnetic theory was right and modify Newtonian mechanics "electromagnetizándola", modifying the equations to make them invariant under the symmetry group that made Maxwell's equations invariant. The set of coupled electromagnetic theory of Newtonian mechanics electromagnetizada is what constitutes the special theory of relativity.
"This first modern revolution had consequences as relativistic equivalence of mass and energy, a different concept of space and time, problems and phenomena of time dilation, etc.," he argued.
The theory of general relativity
In cosmology is the theory of general relativity which has major implications. The general theory of relativity was an extension of the special theory to encompass and to describe the phenomena within it and to describe gravitational physics also from the viewpoint of non-inertial systems.
fundamental force that dominates in the cosmos at large scale is the gravitational force. When the gravitational force could be described by a theory like general relativity theory, the application of this theory of the fundamental equations of Einstein gravity to the whole cosmos gives us together with some assumptions of symmetry, which are called the cosmological principle, which is to say that the universe is isotropic and homogeneous, "leads to solutions that are the foundation of modern cosmology." Implications
present two theories of relativity had some implications that we live in today. Both are at the core theory of GPS to determine the position of objects at a time. In the definition of meter as standard length. In all he has to do with nuclear fusion, and modern particle accelerators.
But besides all this, general relativity is mainly an implication, "has given us a scientific view of the universe that modern cosmology is that we can say that the universe 14,000 million years ago was very different the present, there were no galaxies, stars, or living things. Modern cosmology has been very successful because it has predicted things that have been observed after the expansion of the universe. "

Taken in elgallodigital.com
Noticiencias

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Peru had its first direct link with the space

communicates from Russian cosmonaut INTERNATIONAL STATION

radial transmission lasted about ten minutes. There is the possibility of sending Peruvian potatoes on the next mission
"I was in Machu Picchu and I really enjoyed," said cosmonaut Gennady Ivanovich Padalka from the International Space Station (ISS) in what was the first contact from space with our country.
The nearly one hundred people who attended the National Engineering University (UNI) to listen to the live broadcast broke into applause. Contrary to what many thought, the man who spoke from space did know Peru.
This communication is made possible by a cooperative agreement between UNI and the University of Kursk in Russia, which agreed to establish contact with the ISS as it flew into Earth orbit in the area of \u200b\u200bSouth America.
"At this moment I am taking pictures of Lima," the commander Padalka.
The link was brief and Russian cosmonaut took the opportunity to answer some questions, asked by scientists and local students on the research being conducted on the ISS. SUPPORT
MUTUOEl interest in the home of Russian studies is oriented toward a joint project in the area of \u200b\u200bbiology, in which experience with Peruvian potato for future use as food for Russian cosmonauts in space voyages. "The crew of the country planning a trip to Mars that will last for about three years. And while the cosmonauts are fed mainly with synthetic products, we are seeing how they do it with a natural food such as potato, "said the rector of the UNI, Aurelio Padilla.
The idea is to test how they react the components of the potato to the lack of gravity in space and see if we can grow crops for the future.
"The potato crop provides multiple options, one is to reduce the volume on earth to dehydrate and to restore their natural size when it is in the space station, the other is to cultivate, analyze their development and then harvest it, "said Padilla.
One fact that contributed significantly in implementing the Convention and the transmission from space was the familiarity with the experts at the University of Kursk see students and faculty at UNI, as with many of them maintain constant communication because exchange of academic information that they do.
"The success of this link with the space to say that our cooperation project with the UNI will have a long way. I'm sure with the technology that Peru will soon be in space, "said Oleg Atakishchev, vice chancellor of the University of Kursk.
participate in the project as partners the Congress and the Ministry of Defence. Taken
Journal
Trade
of August 21, 2009

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

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Living in the Moon is a mission impossible?

By: Manuel Luque Analyst
Taken from the newspaper El Comercio
August 19, 2009

NASA, commemorating 40 year-old man on the moon, this year sent two probes to explore for and determine the existence of ice trapped beneath the lunar crust. Would be discovered water availability and thus, by electrolysis, the possibility of obtaining hydrogen and oxygen.
artificial atmosphere would be created bubbles in closed structures, which serve as habitat to humans simulating the conditions of the Earth, buildings reinforced to withstand adverse conditions of large temperature differences in a day, with the environment under the impact of violent solar wind and ultraviolet radiation, alpha and beta heavy. To move from one habitat to another space would be used clothing refractory to radiation as a shield, would not feel the apparent weight of this clothing space because of the lesser gravity of the Moon (six times less than on Earth).
Electrical energy is generated with nuclear fission nuclear reactors, also with solar panels. Thermal energy solar concentrators, unable to burn fuel for lack of air. The lunar day, approximately 29 Earth days, affect the biorhythm of humans. The agency would have to adapt to 14 ½ Earth days with continuous sunlight and continuous 14 ½ Earth days without sun. The long lunar night, nearly 15 Earth days, could hamper the supply of energy, have debiéndose number of batteries that accumulate the energy. Exceptions are the lunar north pole (Always illuminated by sunlight) and the Shackleton crater (to the lunar south pole, with almost constant illumination). There would be implemented photovoltaic power generation systems to supply permanent habitats proposed.
fuel cells (fuel cells), which use hydrogen and oxygen obtained from the electrolysis of water, represent an additional source of power generation for transportation in vehicles driven by electric motors. To produce food, long periods of darkness on the moon would be overcome with artificial greenhouses heated, lighted, and equipped with pressurized oxygen. Humans have to adapt to the weightlessness of the moon. There would be a gradual weakening of the heart, not being forced to withstand the force of gravity, the heart muscle lose mass and blood pressure would drop, your heart rate would slow to a heart pumping less work, cell metabolism suffer transformations .
The Bionanotechnology and bioengineering it would provide solutions to the incorporation of nanomachines and nanobombas with biological nanomotors arteries, organs biosensors to selectively boost the blood to each organ according to the needs of blood flow and pressure in each, improving circulation to the weightlessness. We can not rule out the alternative of creating artificial gravity. Gravitational generators could create habitats with a rotation system which generates a centrifugal acceleration of gravity as imitation.
pejorative expression "living on the Moon" could be a reality, thanks to technology and the tenacity of humankind to explore new horizons

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discovered carnivorous plant that eats rats

surprising finding in the jungles of the Philippines. It is the first time we identify a plant species with the ability to eat more than insects.
BBC World. Almost everyone has seen or heard from plants carnivorous, but most are not very impressive and are only able to capture and digest small insects like flies and ants.
However, a new species discovered in the Philippines will change forever the reputation of these plants. Nepenthes is attenboroughii (so named after the British conservationist David Attenborough), an insectivorous plant so great that it is able to catch and eat rats in their big traps.
The discovery, details of which were published in the journal Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, was conducted during a botanical expedition in the highlands of central Philippines. The first time you heard from your there was in 2000 when two Christian missionaries said they saw the huge plants. The data
Another finding. During the expedition, botanists also found other insectivorous species, Nepenthes deaniana, which had not been seen in the wild in 100 years. Journal
Edition
Republic August 19, 2009

Sunday, August 9, 2009

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Pterosaurs were flying control as fossils in Brazil DECODE

Brazilian researchers presented today (Wednesday) the fossil of a pterosaur that shows that these winged reptiles had "absolute control of flight" and gives a new direction to research on this species.

The fossil of the "Jeholopterus ningchengensis "was found in deposits of about 130 million years in the region of Inner Mongolia (China) and presented today at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro by the Brazilian paleontologist Alexander Kellner, who participated in the discovery along with researchers from British, Chinese and Germans.

According Kellner, the importance of this fossil is the existence of structures on the wings which are a change in the theories that so far had on the animal and its ability to fly.

These new structures, known as picnofibras and actinofibras, could only be discovered by working with ultraviolet rays Helmut Tischlinger German paleontologist.

Thus, the finding of picnofibras, similar to the hairs of some mammals, enabled the researchers to first conclude that pterosaurs were endothermic animals and therefore able to control her own body temperature.

Also thanks to ultraviolet rays is known that the actinofibras, which were already known, is structured in a multi-layered plot unlike what was thought until now.

This would give greater strength to the wings of these animals and the ability to stretch and retract at will, allowing for stable flight with high control.
membranes found in the pterosaur would be even stronger than those with some actual flying animals like bats.

For Professor Kellner, the finding "removes the previous study models," said some of which the wings of pterosaurs would serve only to plan.

also paleontologist explained that this discovery opens up a whole range of possibilities to trigger further research "on these animals, which are not considered as birds but not dinosaurs, despite having coexisted.

However, the scientist also said that now opens a new challenge for researchers who must complete the exact composition of these structures and so far working with the hypothesis that in the case of collagen or muscle fibers.

Moreover, the paleontologist said the value of the region of Inner Mongolia, northeast China, where the fossil was found and released today said that in the future should get much information from there because the amount of fossil find is "tremendous." Kellner

also stressed the importance of collaboration in Brazil to carry out investigations because, as the teacher, this country has some of the finest examples of fossils of pterosaurs.

The replica of the fossil find and reproduction of animal life and their wing membrane will be displayed from now at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. (Rio de Janeiro, EFE)
Journal Republic, August 5, 2009

Black Spots On Towells

HIV GENOME STRUCTURE

develops medicines MORE EFFECTIVE
American researchers decoded the complete genome structure of the AIDS virus, which that could accelerate research to develop new antiretroviral drugs, according to articles publicados por la revista científica británica “Nature”.

Este trabajo abre la vía a nuevas investigaciones que deberían favorecer una mejor comprensión de las estrategias de infección del virus, según sus autores.

Kevin Weeks (de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte) y sus colegas consiguieron una larga “vista aérea” de la arquitectura del genoma del virus y de sus funciones posibles. “Empezamos igualmente a comprender las estrategias del genoma que permiten al virus escapar de la detección de su anfitrión humano”, comenta Kevin Weeks.

Los investigadores muestran así que la formación de proteínas is influenced by elements of the internal structure of RNA. Suggesting that the RNA structure itself may play a role, hitherto unrecognized in the expression of the genetic code, the researchers said.

biologists specializing in the study of structures can now use this map of the genome big plans to make judgments on certain regions of the genome of HIV-1 and explore before their atom-level functions as the scientific journal Hashim Al-Hashimi. " It seems that the quest to have a finer view, high resolution, the structure of the entire genome has begun seriously, he writes. In fact, the genome of this virus has not yet revealed all its mysteries.

CHEAPER DRUGS
Meanwhile, the foundation of former President Bill Clinton signed agreements with two pharmaceutical companies in order to offer lower prices on medicines for patients in poor countries suffering from drug-resistant AIDS. One of the agreements, Mylan Laboratories, will reduce the annual price of four antiretroviral drugs used as second line treatment for patients with HIV who develop resistance to the first drugs with which they are served.

The other agreement, Pfizer will reduce the cost a drug that can be used with other drugs to treat patients infected with tuberculosis.

"This is a very important agreement," said former U.S. President Bill Clinton on Thursday on the announcement.

POINTS
HIV, such as influenza virus, hepatitis C and polio, is genetic information stored in a molecule of ribonucleic acid (RNA), whereas the mammalian genome is part of the double helix of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). However, the information contained in RNA is much more complex.

THE NUMBER
U.S. $ 425 year will cost the group of drugs-to be taken once a day, Mylan Labs.
Trade; Saturday August 8, 2009.